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76
Design Course
Handmade Paper Making
Understanding the Art by Creative Exploration
by
Chronology
A Brief Chronology of Paper Making:
|
BC 300 |
Writing surface made from residual silk floss in China. |
|
AD 105 |
Papermaking method invented and developed by Ts’ai Lun, a eunuch attached to the Eastern Han court of the Chinese emperor Ho Ti. The material used was probably the bark of Mulberry tree, bamboo, rags, hemp and fish net. Chinese credited with all inventions like mould, screen and methods of papermaking, which later adopted by Western world. |
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|
300 |
Paper made in cases in Central Asia. |
|
305 – 325 |
Paper produced in India at Gurukuls. But this process did not cultivated during that time. |
|
500 |
Paper made in Korea. |
|
610 |
Paper introduced to Japan. The Japanese learned from the Chinese and perfected papermaking into a high art form through centuries. |
|
650 |
Paper made in Nepal. |
|
700 |
Sizing (water resistance) introduced to papermaking using animal and vegetable substance (starch, rice flour) in Japan. |
|
794 |
Paper made in Baghdad, Iraq. |
|
850 |
Papermaking spreads from China via Nepal to India. In India papermakers were known as Kagaji and the place where paper produced was known as Kagajipura. |
|
900 |
Paper made in Cairo, Egypt. |
|
1031 |
Paper recycled (Orient). |
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1150 |
Paper introduced into Europe. First papermaking mill was established in Spain. |
|
1189 |
Paper made at Hérault, France. |
|
1280 |
Paper made at Fabriano, Italy. |
|
1282 |
Invention of Watermark technique in Italy. |
|
1337 |
Animal glue first used in Europe. |
|
1345 |
Mohammed Bin Tughlak used handmade paper for the first time to produce notes. |
|
1388 |
Paper made at Augsburg, Germany. |
|
1400 |
Paper made at Marly, Switzerland. |
|
1405–1550 |
Paper produced at various places in India namely, Kashmir, Shialkoat, Delhi, Patna, Ahmedabad, Aurangabad. |
|
1428 |
Paper made at Gennap, Holland. |
|
1450 |
Revolutionary demand for paper spurred by Gutenberg printing, Germany. |
|
1490 |
First paper mill in England, established by John Tate in Hertfordshire. |
|
1491 |
Paper made in Poland. |
|
1540 |
Paper made in Denmark. |
|
1546 |
Paper made in Rumania. |
|
1558 |
Paper made by John Spilman at Dartord, England. |
|
1565 |
Paper made in Russia. |
|
1570 |
Paper made by Sten Bille in Denmark. |
|
1590 |
First paper mill in Scotland, established by Mungo Russell at Dalry. |
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|
1680 |
Invention of Hollander Beater revolutionizes papermaking process. |
|
1690 |
First American paper mill established at Philadelphia by W. Rittenhouse. |
|
1698 |
Paper made at Oslo, Norway. |
|
1726 |
Paper made by William Bradford in New Jersey, USA. |
|
1757 |
Adoption of “wove” mould screen in Europe from Far East countries. |
|
1765 |
Research work begun by Schäffer using vegetable fibres for papermaking. |
|
1790 |
Invention of Hydraulic Press at Bramah, England. |
|
1802 |
Paper made in Quebec, Canada. |
|
1806 |
Invention of Fourdrinier machine. |
|
1840 |
Invention of Wood Pulping machine by Keller, Germany. |
|
1851 |
Invention of chemical wood pulping process. |
|
1805–1900 |
Decline of hand papermaking mills due to rise of wood pulping mills. |
|
1928 |
Revival of hand papermaking by Dard Hunter of America. |
|
1946 |
Douglass Howell of America emerges as foremost authority in papermaking. |
|
1950 |
Emergence of innovative art forms in hand papermaking. |
